• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A parallelepipedal insulating block (3) comprises: a rectangular-shaped bottom plate (15), a rectangular-shaped cover plate (16) parallel to the bottom plate and spaced from the bottom plate in a thickness direction of the an insulating block, a plurality of carrying pillars (17) disposed between the bottom plate and the cover plate, the bearing pillars extending longitudinally in the thickness direction and having a small size section with respect to a length and a width of the insulating block, and an insulating lining disposed between the bottom plate and the cover plate and between the bearing pillars. The cover plate is divided into a plurality of rectangular cover portions, the cover portions having a thickness of less than 10mm, the insulative block further comprising a connecting piece (23) attached to an inner surface of the cover plate.
    公开号:FR3030014A1
    申请号:FR1462460
    申请日:2014-12-15
    公开日:2016-06-17
    发明作者:Thomas Cremiere
    申请人:Gaztransport et Technigaz SARL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks, with membranes, for storing and / or transporting fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
    [0002] Watertight and thermally insulated membrane tanks are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is stored at atmospheric pressure at about -162 ° C. These tanks can be installed on the ground or on a floating structure. BACKGROUND In a liquefied gas storage tank at low temperature, an essential function of the tank wall is to isolate the cargo to limit the heat flow causing the evaporation of the cargo, and also to protect the hull of cryogenic temperatures in the case of a vessel tank. But the vessel wall must also support the hydrodynamic loading of the cargo, which therefore implies a compressive strength. One possible option to perform these functions is to make the tank wall with a layer of homogeneous material that is both insulating and structurally resistant to compression. Examples of such vessels are available in the literature, for example US-A-4116150 and WO-A-2013124573. However, the insulating material used in these examples, namely reinforced polyurethane foam, is expensive. In addition, it is difficult to find a structural insulating material that optimizes both mechanical strength and thermal insulation. Another possible option is to make the tank wall with heterogeneous insulating blocks comprising mechanically strong carrier parts and insulating materials arranged between the carrier parts. As the insulating materials are at least partially released from the hydrodynamic loading in this case, there is a greater possible choice of insulation materials. Examples of such vessels are available in the literature, for example publications FR-A-2867831, FR-A-2989291 and WO-A-2013182776.
    [0003] In FR-A-2867831, the insulating block is a box having parallel interior partitions defining compartments filled with expanded perlite or aerogels. FR-A-2989291 the insulating block is a similar box filled with fibrous materials. In one embodiment, small section pillars are employed in place of the parallel partitions. In WO-A-2013182776, it is intended to cast an insulating foam between bearing pillars. In all cases, the overall heat flux transmitted by such an insulating block results both from the fluxes transmitted by the carrier parts and from the fluxes transmitted by the insulating inserts. Summary An idea underlying the invention is to provide an insulating block of which at least some carrier parts are made of thin materials having a good mechanical strength, in order to maximize the volume occupied by non-structural insulating materials. For this, the invention provides a parallelepipedal insulating block suitable for producing an insulating wall in a cold liquid storage tank, the insulating block comprising: a rectangular-shaped base plate, a rectangular-shaped cover plate at the bottom plate and spaced from the bottom plate in a thickness direction of the insulating block, a plurality of carrying pillars disposed between the bottom plate and the cover plate, the bearing pillars extending longitudinally in the direction of thickness and having a small size section with respect to a length and a width of the insulating block, and an insulating gasket disposed between the bottom plate and the cover plate and between the pillars. According to embodiments, such an insulating block may comprise one or more of the following characteristics. According to one embodiment, the cover plate is divided into a plurality of rectangular cover portions, the cover portions 30 having a thickness of less than 10 mm and being juxtaposed along a transverse direction of the insulating block, a gap being provided each time between two of the lid portions juxtaposed along the entire length of the insulating block, the insulating block further comprising a connecting piece fixed to an inner surface of the cover plate facing the bottom plate to connect the two lid portions juxtaposed, the connecting piece having successively along the transverse direction of the insulating block a first end portion fixed to the inner surface of a first of the two juxtaposed lid portions, an intermediate portion spanning the interstice between the two juxtaposed lid portions and a second end portion attached to the inner surface of a second of the two lid portions juxtaposed.
    [0004] Thanks to these characteristics, the space occupied by the cover plate is reduced, which makes it possible, for equal volume, to increase the volume of the insulating lining in the insulating block. In addition, the connection piece (s) can provide the cover plate with a certain flexural strength, so as to provide a reliable and sufficiently uniform support surface for a relatively fragile waterproof membrane. According to one embodiment, the connecting piece and the two juxtaposed lid portions are shaped so as to define a housing communicating with the outside of the insulating block through the gap between the two juxtaposed lid portions, the intermediate portion of the connecting piece 20 closing the housing in the thickness direction opposite the gap, the housing having a retaining zone extending in the transverse direction of the insulating block from the gap; retaining the housing extending under a marginal zone of at least one of the two juxtaposed lid portions, the housing being open in the length direction of the insulating block 25 to allow a metal strip bent at a right angle to slide into the housing in the length direction of the insulating block. Thanks to these characteristics, the connecting piece also makes it possible to house welding supports for a waterproof metal membrane. The connection piece (s) of the cover plate may be in many forms, symmetrical or not. According to one embodiment, said at least one of the two juxtaposed lid portions has a recess dug in the inner surface of the lid portion at the marginal area, the housing having the inside space of the countersink. Due to these features, the interior space of the housing can be provided at least partially in the cover plate, so that the volume of the connecting piece can be reduced. According to one embodiment, the connecting piece is a wafer parallel to the cover plate, the intermediate portion of which spans the counterbore of said at least one of the two juxtaposed cover portions and whose end portions are fixed on the surface. internal of the cover plate outside the countersink. Thanks to these characteristics, the space occupied by the connecting piece can be minimized. According to one embodiment, the intermediate portion of the connecting piece 10 is spaced from the inner surface of the cover plate in the thickness direction, the housing further having an inlet zone located in front of the interstice between the intermediate portion of the connecting piece and the inner surface of the cover plate, the housing retaining zone extending in the extension of the inlet zone in the direction of the width of the insulating block.
    [0005] Thanks to these characteristics, the interior space of the housing can be provided at least partially in the connecting piece. According to one embodiment, the connecting piece is a profiled piece elongate in the length direction of the insulating block, the connecting piece having a planar upper surface parallel to the inner surface of the cover plate and a middle groove dug in the direction of thickness from the flat upper surface, the intermediate portion of the connecting piece forming the bottom of the middle groove. Thanks to these characteristics, the connecting piece can be manufactured relatively simply. Such a groove may have different appropriate shapes. According to embodiments, the middle groove has a rectangular-shaped or inverted-T section. Different materials having a suitable strength can be used for the cover plate, for example plywood of different types or composite materials. Preferably, the cover plate is made of densified plywood. The densified plywood can be obtained with wood sheets impregnated with a large quantity of thermosetting resins, for example with beech, fir or birch wood. Preferably, the density of the densified plywood is greater than or equal to 3030014 5 0.9. In comparison, the typical density of ordinary plywood is of the order of 0.7. Such densified plywood wood offers satisfactory properties in terms of cost, mechanical strength and thermal insulation. For example, the thickness of the cover plate may be of the order of 5 mm. Similar considerations can be applied to the bottom plate. Different materials having a suitable strength can be used for the connecting part of the cover plate, for example plywood of different types or composite materials. Preferably, the connecting piece is made of a material having a thermal contraction coefficient close to that of the cover plate, especially the same material as used in the cover plate. According to one embodiment, the connecting piece is made of densified plywood. Many configurations are possible for the connection part or parts of the cover plate. According to one embodiment, the connecting piece 15 extends continuously over substantially the entire length of the insulating block. Thanks to these characteristics, the resistance of the cover plate has a good uniformity. According to another embodiment, a plurality of connecting pieces of small length relative to the length of the insulating block are arranged along the gap in the length direction of the insulating block. Thanks to these characteristics, the ease of installation of the connecting pieces is increased and the configuration of the connecting pieces can be easily adapted to different application cases. To minimize heat flow by conduction, it is preferable to limit the section of the bearing pillars. However, since the bearing pillars are intended to take a hydrostatic and hydrodynamic load to transmit it from the cover plate to the carrier wall, a risk of punching of the cover plate and / or bottom may exist in case of concentration excessive compression constraints. In addition, the bearing pillars 30 are likely to create bending stresses in the cover and / or bottom plate. To reduce the stresses and the risk of punching, different load distribution elements can be used at the connection between the bearing pillars and the cover plate and / or bottom.
    [0006] According to one embodiment, the insulating block further comprises flared-shaped charge distribution pieces arranged between the supporting pillars and the cover or bottom plate, the charge distribution part comprising in each case a surface of smaller section facing the bearing pillar and a larger section surface facing the lid or bottom plate. According to one embodiment, the carrying pillars are arranged in a plurality of rows extending in the length direction of the insulating block, the insulating block further comprising charge distribution beams arranged between the carrying pillars and the cover plate. the load distribution beam being oriented in the length direction of the insulating block and resting each time on one of the rows of supporting pillars. According to one embodiment, the load distribution beam each has a smaller section surface facing the supporting pillars and a larger section surface facing the cover plate.
    [0007] Beams can be used similarly at the bottom plate. In addition, different structures can be provided at the corners of the insulating block. According to one embodiment, the insulating block comprises four corner pillars extending in the thickness direction between the bottom plate and the cover plate, a corner pillar being disposed between a zone of corner of the bottom plate and a corresponding corner area of the cover plate and having a longitudinal web extending from the corner along a longitudinal edge of the bottom plate and the cover plate over a portion of the length of the insulating block and a transverse web extending from the corner along a transverse edge of the bottom plate and the cover plate over a portion of the width of the insulating block. Such an angle pillar has a relatively high moment of inertia in the length direction and the width direction of the insulating block, which is useful for withstanding the possible shear stresses of the insulating block parallel to the cover and bottom plates. .
    [0008] Alternatively, the corner pillar disposed between a corner region of the bottom plate and a corresponding corner region of the cover plate has a bisecting web extending from the corner along a bisector of the bottom plate. corner of the bottom plate and the cover plate to an inner end located inside the insulating block and a counter-bisector vane perpendicular to the bisecting veil, the back-baffle veil being attached to the end internal of the bisecting web and extending obliquely between a transverse edge and a longitudinal edge of the cover plate and the bottom plate. Thanks to these 5 characteristics, the corner pillar has excellent buckling behavior. For the insulating pad of the insulating block, different materials may be employed, including glass wool, rockwool, wadding, fibrous materials, perlite, expanded perlite, low density polymer foams, aerogels and others. According to one embodiment, granular or powdered insulating materials are employed. For this, sidewalls are provided to close the four lateral sides of the insulating block. These side walls can be made of thin and light materials such as fabric or very thin plywood. Alternatively, these side walls may be made of thicker materials if they must jointly perform a function of recovery of the load.
    [0009] According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a sealed and insulating tank having a vessel wall retained on a supporting structure, the vessel wall including, in the thickness direction from the outside to the inside, the vessel, a secondary insulating barrier retained on the carrier structure, a secondary sealed membrane retained on the secondary insulating barrier, a primary insulating barrier retained on the secondary waterproof membrane and a primary impervious membrane retained on the primary insulating barrier. The aforementioned insulating block can be used to manufacture one and / or the other of the insulating barriers in such a tank wall, in particular for the secondary insulating barrier whose flexural stress is quite moderate.
    [0010] According to one embodiment, the secondary insulating barrier consists essentially of a plurality of aforementioned secondary insulating blocks juxtaposed in a repeating pattern, the secondary waterproofing membrane having metal bands bent at right angles disposed in the housing of the cover plates of the secondary insulating blocks, each metal strip having a flange protruding above the cover plate through the gap in the cover plate, the secondary waterproofing membrane having low expansion coefficient steel strakes which are applied to the cover plate; flat on the cover plates of the secondary insulating blocks between the metal strips, each strake having two parallel raised side edges which are sealingly welded to the protruding flanges of the metal strips. According to one embodiment, mastic supports are inserted between the bottom plates of the secondary insulating blocks and the supporting structure, the mastic supports comprising small section mastic pads arranged in line with the pillars carrying the insulating blocks. secondary. According to one embodiment, the primary insulating barrier essentially consists of a plurality of primary parallelepiped insulating blocks juxtaposed in a repeated pattern, each primary insulating block comprising: a rectangular-shaped bottom plate, a rectangular-shaped cover plate parallel to the bottom plate and spaced from the bottom plate in a direction of thickness of the insulating block, a plurality of carrying pillars disposed between the bottom plate and the cover plate, the bearing pillars extending longitudinally in the thickness direction and having a small section with respect to a length and width of the insulating block, and an insulating lining disposed between the bottom plate and the cover plate and between the pillars.
    [0011] According to one embodiment, the bottom plate of the primary insulating block is divided into a plurality of rectangular bottom portions, the bottom portions being juxtaposed along a transverse direction of the primary insulating block, a gap being provided at each times between two of the bottom portions juxtaposed along the entire length of the primary insulating block, the primary insulating block further comprising a connecting piece fixed to an inner surface of the bottom plate facing the cover plate to connect the two bottom portions juxtaposed, the connecting piece having successively along the transverse direction of the primary insulating block a first end portion fixed to the inner surface of a first of the two bottom portions juxtaposed, an intermediate portion spanning the interstice between the two juxtaposed bottom portions and a second end portion attached to the inner surface a second of the two bottom portions juxtaposed, the connecting piece having a housing in the extension of the gap between the two bottom portions juxtaposed, the intermediate portion of the connecting piece 3030014 9 closing the housing in the direction of thickness opposite the gap, in which the gap between the two juxtaposed bottom portions and the corresponding housing receive the projecting wing of one of the metal strips of the secondary membrane and the raised side edges of the strakes which they are welded.
    [0012] Different materials having a suitable strength can be used for the bottom plate connection piece, for example plywoods of different types or composite materials. Preferably, the connecting piece is made of a material having a thermal contraction coefficient close to that of the bottom plate, in particular the same material as that used in the bottom plate. According to one embodiment, the connecting piece is made of densified plywood. Many configurations are possible to place the pillars carrying the insulating blocks. According to one embodiment, the pillars carrying a primary insulating block are located vertically above the pillars carrying a secondary insulating block. Such a configuration makes it possible to minimize the bending stresses in the cover plates of the secondary insulating blocks. According to another embodiment, the pillars carrying a primary insulating block are located between the pillars carrying a secondary insulating block. Such a tank may be part of a terrestrial storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU ), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others. According to one embodiment, a vessel for the transport of a fluid product, in particular cold liquid, comprises a double hull and a said tank disposed in the double hull. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes to or from a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel. According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid product, in particular a cold liquid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or terrestrial storage facility and a pump for driving fluid product flow through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more apparent in the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given only in connection with the invention. illustrative and non-limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings. - Figure 1 is a partial cutaway perspective view of a sealed and insulating tank wall according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view in cross-section of a primary insulative block and a superimposed secondary insulative block that may be employed in the cell wall of FIG. 1. FIG. transverse section of an insulating block according to one embodiment. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of zone IV of FIG. 3. FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are views similar to FIG. 4 showing other embodiments of the cover plate. - Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 2 showing another embodiment of the primary and secondary insulation blocks. FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of an insulating block of FIG. 8. FIG. 10 is a plan view of an insulating block according to one embodiment. Figures 11, 12 and 13 are perspective and cross-sectional views showing further embodiments of the cover plate of an insulating block. Figure 14 is a perspective view in cross-section showing the bottom cover plate of a secondary insulating block according to one embodiment. FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bottom plate of a primary insulative block according to one embodiment. FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view of a primary insulating block according to one embodiment. FIG. 17 is a cutaway schematic representation of a tank of a LNG carrier and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS In FIG. 1, a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank is shown. The general structure of such a tank is well known and has a polyhedral shape. It will therefore focus only to describe a wall zone of the tank, it being understood that all the walls of the tank may have a similar general structure. Therefore, regardless of the effective orientation of the vessel wall in the earth's gravitational field, the terms "on" and "above" will be used to denote a position inwardly of the vessel in the direction of thickness of the tank wall and the terms "under" and "below" to designate a position located towards the outside of the tank, that is to say towards the supporting structure. The wall of the tank comprises, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a carrier wall 1, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 which is formed of insulating blocks 3 juxtaposed on the support structure 1 and anchored thereto by secondary holding members 4, a secondary sealing membrane 5 carried by the insulating blocks 3, a primary heat-insulating barrier 6 formed of insulating blocks 7 juxtaposed and anchored to the secondary waterproofing membrane 5 by means of retaining members primary 8 and a primary waterproofing membrane 9, carried by the insulating blocks 7 and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank.
    [0013] The carrier structure comprises a plurality of load-bearing walls defining the general shape of the vessel. The supporting structure may in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship. The supporting wall 1 may in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet or, more generally, any type of rigid partition having appropriate mechanical properties. The primary 9 and secondary 5 waterproofing membranes are, for example, constituted by a continuous sheet of metal strakes with raised edges, said strakes being welded by their raised edges to parallel welding supports held on the insulating blocks 3, 7 The metal strakes are, for example, made of Invar®, that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1.2 × 10 -6 and 2.10 -6 K -1. , or in an iron alloy with a high manganese content whose expansion coefficient is typically of the order of 7.10-6 K-1. In the case of a vessel vessel, the strakes are preferably oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
    [0014] The secondary insulating blocks 3 and the primary insulating blocks 7 may have identical or different structures and equal or different dimensions. FIG. 2 is a half-view of a secondary insulating block 3 surmounted by a primary insulating block 7, the sealed membranes being omitted for the sake of simplicity. Each of the insulating blocks 3 and 7 comprises a rectangular parallelepiped shape having two large faces, or main faces, and four small faces, or side faces. The two insulating blocks have the same length and the same width. The secondary insulating block 3 is thicker than the primary insulating block 7.
    [0015] The secondary insulating block 3 comprises a bottom plate 15 and a cover plate 16 parallel, spaced in the direction of thickness. The bottom plate 15 and the cover plate 16 define the main faces of the secondary insulating block 3. The cover plate 16 has an outer support surface 30 for receiving the secondary sealing membrane 5. The cover plate 16 has further housing for receiving weld supports 11 for welding the metal strakes 12 of the secondary sealing membrane 5, as will be explained below. By convention, the longitudinal direction of the secondary insulating block 3 is the direction parallel to the solder supports 11. Supporting pillars 17 extend in the thickness direction of the secondary insulating block 3 and are fixed, on the one hand, to the bottom plate 15 and, on the other hand, 5 to the cover plate 16. The carrying pillars 17 allow to resume the compression forces. The carrying pillars 17 are aligned in a plurality of rows and distributed in staggered rows. The distance between the bearing pillars 17 is determined so as to allow a good distribution of compression forces. In one embodiment, the bearing posts 17 are equidistantly distributed. The carrying pillars 17 are fixed to the bottom plate 15 and to the cover plate 16 by any appropriate means, by screwing, stapling and / or bonding for example. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the pillars 17 have a solid section, square. At the four corners of the bottom plate 15 and the cover plate 16, a corner post 18 is also provided. The corner pillar 18 has in each case a longitudinal web 19 and a transverse web 20 joining at the corner. The longitudinal web 19 and the transverse web 20 here have a rectangular shape. Alternatively they may have a trapezoid shape as sketched in FIG.
    [0016] The bearing pillars 17 and the corner pillars 18 can be made in many materials. They can in particular be made of ordinary or densified plywood, or of a plastic material, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS). ), polyurethane (PU) or polypropylene (PP), optionally reinforced with fibers. A heat-insulating lining, not shown, extends in the spaces formed between the carrying pillars 17. The heat-insulating lining is, for example, glass wool, wadding, a polymer foam, such as polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam. Such a polymeric foam may be disposed between the carrying pillars 17 by an injection operation during the manufacture of the secondary insulating block 3. Alternatively, it is possible to produce the heat-insulating lining by leaving, in a pre-cut block of The primary insulating block 7 has a general structure similar to the secondary insulating block 3, with some differences which will be explained below.
    [0017] For the sake of simplicity, the constituent elements of the primary insulating block 7 similar to those of the secondary insulating block 3 are designated by the same reference numeral increased by 100. In a configuration such as in FIG. 2 where the primary pillars 117 are superimposed at the secondary pillars 17, the primary bottom plate 115 as well as the secondary cover plate 16 are not stressed substantially in flexion or shear. Essentially, under a hydrodynamic loading, it is therefore the primary cover plate 116 which works in bending while the bearing pillars 17 and 117 and the corner pillars 18 and 118 work in compression. In contrast, the primary bottom plate 115, the secondary cover plate 16 as well as the secondary bottom plate 15 are less stressed, that is, essentially by loadings of the ship's ballast, which, however, cause lower loads compared to the those related to the weight of the cargo. The useful thickness of these structural elements can therefore be reduced in order to leave a larger volume for the insulating lining and thus improve the thermal performance of the wall. For the primary bottom plate 115, the secondary cover plate 16 and the secondary bottom plate 15, it is therefore particularly advantageous to use structurally resistant thin materials, such as densified plywood or composite materials.
    [0018] Examples of suitable densified plywood include the materials marketed by RANCAN srl under the trade name RANPREX®, for example references ML15 and ML20. These materials can especially be used in thicknesses between 4 and 9mm. The secondary lid plate 16 will now be described more specifically with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7, where the like elements are designated by the same reference numeral despite shape variations.
    [0019] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the secondary insulating block 3. It can be seen that the cover plate 16 has two longitudinal housings 21 spaced in the width of the insulating block to receive soldering supports 11. For this, the plate 16 is divided into three successive portions in the width of the insulating block. Indeed, the small thickness of the secondary cover plate 16 does not allow to machine the housing in its thickness in the conventional manner. A housing 21 is formed here by the gap 22 between two successive portions of the cover plate 16 and a connecting piece 23 fixed to the gap 22 on the inner surface of the cover plate 10. more clearly visible in the enlarged view of FIG. 4, the connecting piece 23 here has the shape of a profiled strip with a trapezoidal section whose large base is turned towards the cover plate 16 and the small base facing towards the bottom plate 15. A central portion of the large base is recessed by a rectangular section groove 26, while two end portions 24 of the large base are attached to the inner surface of the cover plate 16 on either side of the 22. The intermediate portion 25 of the connecting piece 23 thus spans the gap 22 at a distance therefrom. It can be seen that the groove 26 extends under a marginal portion 28 of the cover plate 16 on each side of the gap 22. In reality, it would be sufficient for the groove 26 to extend on one side of the 22 to receive the horizontal flange 30 of the solder support 11, as shown in Figure 6. In the embodiment of Figure 5, particularly suitable for a cover plate 16 thicker, the housing 21 comprises a counterbore 27 25 formed in the inner surface of cover plate 16 at the marginal portion 28. The connecting piece 23 is here a simple flat plate. The embodiment of Figure 6 is similar to Figure 4, except the outer shape of the connecting piece 23 is here rectangular and non-trapezoidal. The embodiment of FIG. 7 is similar to FIG. 6, except for the section of the groove 26, which is here in inverted T-shape, which increases the area of the end portion 24 available for attachment to the cover plate 16.
    [0020] In FIGS. 3 to 7, the connecting piece may in each case be a profiled piece extending over the entire length of the secondary insulating block 3. Depending on the position of the bearing pillars 17, other configurations may be appropriate. FIG. 8 thus shows another embodiment of the secondary insulating block 3, where elements similar or identical to those of FIG. 2 are designated by the same reference numeral. In this case, bearing pillars 17 are very close to the interstices 22 for the passage of the welding supports and the connecting piece 23 is interrupted at these bearing pillars 17. In other words, a housing 21 is here constituted of a plurality of connecting pieces 23 juxtaposed 10 along the gap 22 and mutually spaced in the length direction of the insulating block to let the supporting pillars 17 between them. This situation is better seen in FIG. 9, which is a longitudinal sectional view of the secondary insulating block 3 of FIG. 8, in which three connecting pieces 23 are juxtaposed in the length direction of the insulating block.
    [0021] The two situations discussed above are summarized in FIG. 10, which is a plan view of a secondary insulating block 3, the cover plate 16 of which has three rectangular portions separated by two longitudinal interstices 22. By way of example, this secondary insulating block 3 comprises fourteen bearing pillars 17 divided into five longitudinal rows. With respect to the central row, the row on the right of the figure is relatively spaced from the corresponding gap 22 and the connecting piece 23 is formed continuously over the entire length of the insulating block. In contrast, the row on the left of the figure is closer to the corresponding gap 22 and four connecting pieces 23 are disposed along the gap 22 on the left, with mutual spacings at the pillars 17 The connecting pieces 23 are fixed to the cover plate 16 by any appropriate means, for example stapling, nailing, screwing, insertion of a check-in pin, bonding, or more of these solutions at a time. The machining of the interstices 22 and the housings 21 can be performed before or after the joining of the connecting pieces 23 to the cover plate 16. In FIGS. 3 and 9, the carrying pillars 17 are directly resting on the plate 15 and the cover plate 16. In order to improve the load distribution of the supporting pillars, different structures may be provided at the connection between the bearing pillars 17 and the bottom plate 15 and / or the plate 3030014. cover 16. Examples of load distribution structures are illustrated in FIGS. 11 to 13 in the case of the cover plate 16. The load distribution structure can in each case be made in the form of a part separated, or made in one piece with the cover plate 16, or made in one piece with the bearing pillar 17. In FIG. 11, a pyramidal pad 31 is placed at the top of each bearing pillar 17 at the mani era of an architectural marquee. In a variant not shown, the stud is a parallelepiped flattened instead of a pyramid. In Figures 12 and 13, a longitudinal beam 32 is placed at the top of each row of supporting pillars 17. In Figure 12, the beam 32 has a trapezoidal section. In Figure 13, the beam 32 has a square section. The manufacture of a carrier wall 1 of large size as the hull of a ship does not allow to obtain perfectly flat surfaces. It is therefore generally necessary to provide supports polymerizable putty under the base plate 15 of a secondary insulating block 3 to be able to catch the flatness defects of the carrier wall 1 and thus align the secondary insulating blocks 3 with low tolerance in order to obtain a very uniform support surface for the secondary membrane 5. These polymerizable putty carriers can take different configurations. FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary embodiment in which the polymerizable mastic supports comprise square studs 33 located vertically above the carrying pillars 17 and L-shaped corner strips 34 located directly above the corner pillars. 18. It is thus possible to minimize the bending forces in the bottom plate while providing a total section of the mastic mounts which is quite reduced, which limits heat conduction through the mastic mounts. In a version not shown, the mastic pad section is circular. All the foregoing description relating to the secondary insulating blocks 3 is also applicable to the primary insulating blocks 7. Nevertheless, the primary insulating block 7 may have some differences with the secondary insulating block 3, especially at the bottom plate 115. it is not necessary that the bottom plate 115 has mastic supports. On the other hand, it is necessary to adapt the bottom plate 115 to the protruding parts of the secondary membrane 5, namely the raised edges of the strakes 12 and the vertical flange of the weld supports 11. For this, as illustrated in FIG. 15, it is possible to subdivide the bottom plate 115 similarly to the cover plate 16 to pass the projections of the secondary membrane 5 into the interstices 36. To maintain a certain flexural strength of the bottom plate 115, connecting pieces 35 can be used similarly to the connecting pieces 23. The connecting piece 35 of the bottom plate is for example a profiled strip fixed astride two successive portions of the bottom plate 115 to the right of 10 the gap 36 and having a longitudinal groove 37 in the extension of the gap 36. As for the cover plate 116 of the primary insulating block 7, it can be performed so similar to the cover plate 16 of the secondary insulating block 3. However, since the bending forces are generally higher at the primary cover plate 116, it is preferable to make it in a stronger and / or thicker material. the secondary cover plate 16. If appropriate, if the primary cover plate 116 is sufficiently thick, the housing of the solder support for the primary waterproof membrane 9 can be machined in its thickness in the known manner.
    [0022] Figure 16 shows a primary insulating block 7 having corner pillars 40 according to another embodiment, the cover plate and the insulating liner being omitted from the representation. The bottom plate 115 is subdivided into three portions by two longitudinal interstices 36. It carries fourteen bearing pillars 117 arranged in five longitudinal rows.
    [0023] The corner pillar 40 has a T-section formed of two perpendicular webs: a bisecting web 41 oriented at 45 ° between the longitudinal side 43 and the transverse side 44 of the bottom plate 115, and extending from the corner from the bottom plate 115 about one half of the distance 30 to the gap 36 of the portion, a counter-bisector veil 42 oriented perpendicular to the bisecting veil 41 and extending tangentially to the inner end 45 of the 3030014 19 bisecting veil 41 from the longitudinal side 43 to the transverse side 44 of the bottom plate 115. The corner pillar 40 can also be used in the secondary insulating block 3, as shown in Figures 3 and 9.
    [0024] In one embodiment, the bisecting veil 41 is made of a plywood 9 to 10 mm thick with a length of 100 mm and a height adapted to the thickness of the insulating barrier. The counter-bisector veil 42 is made of a plywood 12 mm thick with a length of 200 mm. Such plywood thicknesses are standard and therefore readily available. Alternatively, a densified plywood can also be used. EXAMPLES Several examples of the primary and secondary insulating blocks having advantageous properties in terms of mechanical strength and overall thermal conductivity have been described in the appended Table 1, notably by virtue of the use of densified plywood materials for the bottom plates and cover and a limited number of pillars 17. The insulating block has a length of 1.2 m and a width of 1 m each. The dimensions in the table below (thicknesses and sections) are expressed in mm. The supporting pillars have a square section. Four corner pillars conforming to the pillars 18 of FIG. 2 are used. The longitudinal sails 19 and transverse 20 are all 145 mm long. At the primary, the longitudinal sails 19 and transverse 20 have a thickness of 12mm and a height of 213mm. In secondary, the longitudinal sails 19 and transverse 20 have a thickness of 15mm and a height of 290mm.
    [0025] The technique described above for making a waterproof and insulating wall can be used in various types of tanks, for example to form the wall of an LNG tank in a land installation or in a floating structure such as a LNG tank or other . Referring to Figure 17, a cutaway view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the ship's double hull, and two insulating barriers respectively arranged between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72. In a manner known per se, loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the vessel can be connected, by means of connectors, to a marine or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG to or from the tank 71. Figure 17 shows an example of a marine terminal including a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater line 76 and a onshore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore facility a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers. A connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77. This comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting lines 81 connected by the underwater line 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading station or discharge 75 and installation on land 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which keeps the LNG tanker 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations. In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used. Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if These are within the scope of the invention. The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugate forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or other steps than those set forth in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" for an element or a step does not exclude, unless otherwise stated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or steps. In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim. Table 1 example 1 2 secondary bottom material ML20 ML20 thickness 5 5 cover material ML20 ML20 secondary thickness 5 5 pillars material ML20 regular plywood secondary number 14 14 section 27 37 bottom primary material ML20 ML20 thickness 5 5 cover material ML15 ML15 primary thickness 12 12 pillars primary material ML20 ordinary plywood number 14 14 section 18 24 load distribution structure none no alignment primary pillars and YES YES secondary thermal flow with respect to a,.> .-, - 40% reference geometry (%)
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Parallelepiped insulating block (3) suitable for producing an insulating wall in a tank for storing a cold liquid, the insulating block comprising: a rectangular-shaped base plate (15), a rectangular rectangular-shaped cover plate (16) at the bottom plate and spaced from the bottom plate in a thickness direction of the insulating block, a plurality of carrying pillars (17) disposed between the bottom plate and the cover plate, the bearing pillars extending longitudinally in the direction of thickness and having a small section with respect to a length and a width of the insulating block, and an insulating lining disposed between the bottom plate and the cover plate and between the bearing pillars, characterized in that that the lid plate is divided into a plurality of rectangular lid portions, the lid portions having a thickness of less than 10 mm and being juxtapo along a transverse direction of the insulating block, a gap (22) being provided each time between two of the lid portions juxtaposed along the entire length of the insulating block, the insulating block further comprising a connecting piece (23) attached to an inner surface of the cover plate facing the bottom plate to connect the two juxtaposed cover portions, the connecting piece having successively along the transverse direction of the insulating block a first end portion ( 24) fixed to the inner surface of a first of the two juxtaposed lid portions 25, an intermediate portion (25) spanning the gap between the two juxtaposed lid portions and a second end portion (24) attached to the surface internal portion of a second of the two juxtaposed lid portions, in which the connecting piece and the two juxtaposed lid portions are arranged in such a way as to defining a housing (21) communicating with the outside of the insulating block through the gap between the two juxtaposed lid portions, the intermediate portion of the connecting piece closing the housing in the thickness direction opposite the the gap, the housing having a retaining zone extending in the transverse direction of the insulating block from the gap, the housing retaining zone extending under a marginal zone (28) of at least 3030014 23 one of the two lid portions juxtaposed, the housing being open in the longitudinal direction of the insulating block to allow to slide a metal strip (11) folded at right angles in the housing in the longitudinal direction of the insulating block. 5
    [0002]
    An insulating block according to claim 1, wherein said at least one of the two juxtaposed lid portions has a counterbore (27) hollowed in the inner surface of the lid portion at the marginal area (28), the housing comprising the interior space of the counterbore.
    [0003]
    3. insulating block according to claim 2, wherein the connecting piece (23) is a wafer parallel to the cover plate whose intermediate portion spans the countersink of said at least one of the two lid portions juxtaposed and whose portions of end are attached to the inner surface of the cover plate outside the counterbore (27).
    [0004]
    Insulating block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate portion (25) of the connecting piece is spaced from the inner surface of the cover plate in the thickness direction, the housing (21) further having an inlet zone situated opposite the gap (22) between the intermediate portion of the connecting piece and the internal surface of the cover plate, the retaining zone of the housing extending in the extension of the zone d entry in the direction of the width of the insulating block.
    [0005]
    5. insulating block according to one of claims 1, 2 and 4, wherein the connecting piece (23) is a profiled piece elongated in the longitudinal direction of the insulating block, the connecting piece having a flat upper surface parallel to the inner surface of the cover plate and a middle groove (26) dug in the thickness direction from the flat upper surface, the intermediate portion of the connecting piece forming the bottom of the middle groove.
    [0006]
    An insulating block according to claim 5, wherein the middle groove (26) has a rectangular or inverted T-shaped section.
    [0007]
    7. insulating block according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cover plate (16) is made of densified plywood wood.
    [0008]
    8. Insulating block according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the connecting piece (23) is made of densified plywood wood. 3030014 24
    [0009]
    9. Insulating block according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the connecting piece (23) extends continuously over substantially the entire length of the insulating block.
    [0010]
    An insulating block according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a plurality of connecting pieces (23) of short length relative to the length of the insulating block are arranged along the gap (22) in the direction of width of the insulating block.
    [0011]
    An insulating block according to one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising flared shaped charge distribution pieces disposed between the carrying pillars and the cover plate, the charge distribution member each having a surface area. smaller section facing the supporting pillar and a larger section surface facing the cover plate.
    [0012]
    12. Insulating block according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the supporting pillars (17) are arranged in a plurality of rows extending in the width direction of the insulating block, the insulating block further comprising beams load distributing beam (32) disposed between the supporting pillars and the cover plate, the load distribution beam being oriented in the width direction of the insulating block and resting each time on one of the rows of bearing pillars. 20
    [0013]
    An insulation block according to one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising four corner pillars (18) extending in the thickness direction between the bottom plate and the cover plate, a corner pillar each being disposed between a corner region of the bottom plate and a corresponding corner area of the cover plate and having a longitudinal web (19) extending from the corner along a longitudinal edge of the bottom plate and cover plate on a portion of the length of the insulating block and a transverse web (20) extending from the corner along a transverse edge of the bottom plate and the cover plate on a portion of the width of the insulating block.
    [0014]
    An insulation block according to one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising four corner pillars (40) extending in the thickness direction between the bottom plate (15) and the cover plate (16). ), a corner post being each disposed between a corner region of the bottom plate and a corresponding corner area of the cover plate and having a bisecting web (41) 3030014 extending from the corner along a bisector from the corner of the bottom plate and the cover plate to an inner end located inside the insulating block and a counter-bisecting veil (42) perpendicular to the bisecting veil, the counter veil the bisector being attached to the inner end (45) of the bisecting web and extending obliquely between a transverse edge and a longitudinal edge of the cover plate and the bottom plate.
    [0015]
    15. A sealed and insulating vessel having a vessel wall retained on a supporting structure (1), the vessel wall including, in the thickness direction from the outside to the inside of the vessel, a secondary insulating barrier ( 2) 10 restraint on the supporting structure, a secondary waterproof membrane (5) retained on the secondary insulating barrier, a primary insulating barrier (6) retained on the secondary waterproof membrane and a primary waterproof membrane (9) retained on the primary insulating barrier characterized in that the secondary insulating barrier consists essentially of a plurality of secondary insulating blocks (3) according to one of claims 1 to 14 juxtaposed in a repeating pattern, the secondary waterproofing membrane (5) having metal strips ( 11) folded at right angles arranged in the housings (21) of the cover plates (16) of the secondary insulating blocks, each metal strip having a wing forming protruding above the cover plate through the gap (22) 20 of the cover plate, the secondary waterproof membrane having low expansion coefficient steel strakes (12) which are laid flat on the cover plates; cover of the secondary insulating blocks between the metal strips, each strake having two parallel raised side edges which are sealingly welded to the projecting flanges of the metal strips (11). 25
    [0016]
    The vessel according to claim 15, wherein the primary insulating barrier (6) consists essentially of a plurality of primary parallelepiped insulating blocks (7) juxtaposed in a repeating pattern, each primary insulating block comprising: a base plate (115); ) of rectangular shape, a rectangular-shaped cover plate (116) parallel to the bottom plate and spaced from the bottom plate in a thickness direction of the insulating block, a plurality of carrying pillars (117) disposed between the bottom plate and the cover plate, the bearing pillars extending longitudinally in the thickness direction and having a small size section with respect to a length and width of the insulating block, and an insulating gasket disposed between the bottom plate and cover plate and between the pillars bearing. 5
    [0017]
    17. Tank according to one of claims 15 to 16, wherein, the bottom plate (115) of the primary insulating block is divided into a plurality of rectangular bottom portions, the bottom portions being juxtaposed along a direction. cross-section of the primary insulating block, a gap (36) being provided each time between two bottom portions juxtaposed along the entire length of the primary insulating block, the primary insulating block further comprising a connecting piece (35) fixed at an inner surface of the bottom plate facing the cover plate to connect the two juxtaposed bottom portions, the connecting piece having successively along the transverse direction of the primary insulating block a first end portion attached to the internal surface of a first of the two bottom portions juxtaposed, an intermediate portion spanning the gap between the two juxtaposed bottom portions and a second port end ion fixed to the inner surface of a second of the two bottom portions juxtaposed, the connecting piece having a housing (37) in the extension of the gap 20 between the two bottom portions juxtaposed, the intermediate portion of the connecting piece closing the housing in the direction of thickness opposite the gap, wherein the gap (36) between the two juxtaposed bottom portions and the housing (37) corresponding receive the projecting wing d one of the metal strips (11) of the secondary membrane and the raised side edges of the strakes (12) which are welded thereto.
    [0018]
    18. Tank according to one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the bearing pillars (117) of a primary insulating block are located vertically above the pillars (17) of a secondary insulating block.
    [0019]
    19. A vessel (70) for conveying a fluid, the vessel having a double hull (72) and a tank (71) according to one of claims 15 to 18 disposed in the double hull.
    [0020]
    A method of loading or unloading a vessel (70) according to claim 19, wherein a fluid is conveyed through isolated lines (73, 79, 76, 81) to or from a floating storage facility or earth (77) to or from the vessel (71).
    [0021]
    21. Transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising a ship (70) according to claim 19, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged to connect the tank (71) installed in the hull of the vessel. ship to a floating or land storage facility (77) and a pump for driving fluid flow through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2017103500A1|2017-06-22|
    CN107257900B|2019-12-24|
    WO2016097578A3|2016-11-17|
    KR20170099949A|2017-09-01|
    WO2016097578A2|2016-06-23|
    CN107257900A|2017-10-17|
    KR20180094925A|2018-08-24|
    CN108700257A|2018-10-23|
    FR3030014B1|2017-10-13|
    AU2016373295A1|2018-07-05|
    CN108700257B|2020-05-26|
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    法律状态:
    2015-12-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-06-17| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160617 |
    2016-12-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-01-02| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-12-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-12-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-12-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1462460A|FR3030014B1|2014-12-15|2014-12-15|INSULATING BLOCK SUITABLE FOR MAKING AN INSULATING WALL IN A WATERPROOF TANK|FR1462460A| FR3030014B1|2014-12-15|2014-12-15|INSULATING BLOCK SUITABLE FOR MAKING AN INSULATING WALL IN A WATERPROOF TANK|
    PCT/FR2015/053507| WO2016097578A2|2014-12-15|2015-12-15|Insulating unit suitable for making an insulating wall in a sealed tank|
    CN201580076138.2A| CN107257900B|2014-12-15|2015-12-15|Insulating block suitable for forming an insulating wall in a sealing groove|
    KR1020177019685A| KR20170099949A|2014-12-15|2015-12-15|Insulating unit suitable for making an insulating wall in a sealed tank|
    KR1020187017501A| KR20180094925A|2014-12-15|2016-12-15|A heat insulating block suitable for manufacturing an insulating wall in a sealing tank|
    AU2016373295A| AU2016373295B2|2015-12-15|2016-12-15|Insulating block suitable for manufacturing an insulating wall in a sealed tank|
    CN201680081830.9A| CN108700257B|2014-12-15|2016-12-15|Insulating unit suitable for making insulating walls in sealed cans|
    PCT/FR2016/053464| WO2017103500A1|2014-12-15|2016-12-15|Insulating block suitable for manufacturing an insulating wall in a sealed tank|
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